VERDUN - Côte de Froideterre - Abri Les Quatres Cheminées - Ouvrage de Froideterre - Bunkers MF 3 - MF 1 - MF 2

  • by Pierre Grande Guerre
  • 23 Mar, 2019

Years of visit: 1994, 2005, 2009, 2012

A report of several visits to the height of Froideterre: Abri Les Quatres Cheminées, Ouvrage de Froideterre, Bunkercomplex MF 3, Bunker MF 1, and Bunker MF 2.
On the left flank of Douaumont, and west of the destroyed village of Fleury, lies the bunkercomplex of Les Quatres Chéminées,"The Four Chimney's",  which oversees the Ravin des Vignes.
Again this panorama in more detail, in two steps; from left to right.
The Quatre Cheminées form a bunkercomplex of 2 identical bunkers under one roof.
The bunkers were digged in the eastern slope of the Côte de Froideterre, ...
... each one with it’s own 2 ventilation shafts, chimneys.
The bunkers served as an “abri”, or shelter for the troops.
The entrance to the left bunker with two guard rooms.
Someone left the gate open, so I had to descend the stairs of the left bunker.
The two bunkers also served as a Command Post and a first aid post.
View to the right, to north-east.
I climb up the staircase. 
At the foot of the two bunkers stands a memorial.
"IN MEMORY OF PIERRE CAZALIS DE FONDOUCE, CAPTAIN OF THE 1ST HUSSARDS, KNIGHT OF THE LEGION OF HONOUR, CROIX DE GUERRE, DIED FOR FRANCE AT FROIDETERRE ON 8 AUGUST 1916"
23 June 1916 - Abris Les Quatres Cheminées
On 23 June 1916, the 114e Bataillon Chasseurs Alpins and the 3e Régiment en Marche des Zouaves were guarding the height of Froideterre.
3e Régiment en Marche des Zouaves
In the early morning Bavarian Troops attacked the hill from the lower Ravin de la Dame and the Ravin des Vignes.They succeeded in reaching the summit of the hill.
They fired with machine guns at the entrances.The Bavarian troops dropped handgrenades in every chimney.
In the evening the French were able to reclaim the control over the hill.
Dressing station at Les Quatre Cheminées after the great battle, on 24 december 1916
The entrance to the right bunker.
Again two guard rooms at the entrance. Left.
Right.
Again I went to down to explore the bunker.
View left.
View right.
Some last views of the exterior of Abri Les Quatres Cheminées.
View eastward: the Ravin des Vignes.
View southward.
A last view eastward.
At the other side of the road, opposite of Abri Les Quatre Cheminées ...
... lies an ammunition depot bunker. 
Ouvrage de Froideterre
More to the west lies the fort, or rather the defensive construction work, Ouvrage de Froideterre.
21-23 June 1916 - Attack at Ouvrage de Froideterre
Just a reminder: The frontline of 20 June after the German conquests of the Forts Douaumont and Vaux, and the front lines of the new attacks of June 1916 on Fort Souville,Thiaumont, Fleury, and Ouvrage de Froideterre.
Although the fort never has been captured by the Germans, it has been several times under massive attacks like the one of 21 June, that went on until 23 June 1916. On 21 June the Germans launched an unprecedented, massive artillery bombardment with 320 mm and 420 mm shells. They bombed the sector Thiaumont, the height of Froideterre, Fleury, and Fort de Souville.
In the evening of 22 June, in final preparation of the infantry-attack, the Germans dropped around 200.000 poison gas shells in this area.
This is an aerial view of the surroundings of Ouvrage de Froideterre. The Fort de Froideterre is in the centre. The road D 913, is still now crossing the battlefield, on the right.
After observing this annihilation, the German generals expected hardly any resistance from the French anymore.
French trench after a poison gas attack.
In the morning of 23 June, a huge army of 80.000 troops, light infantry, and Bavarian Alpenjäger, ... 
... descended from the north, from the hills at the other side of the Ravin the la Dame and the Ravin des Vignes. The Germands attacked the Côte de Froideterre, leaping from shell hole to shell hole.
An advance party in front of the other masses succeeded to reach the roof of the fortress, and dropped some grenades in the ventilation shafts.
 
The largest machine gun tower stayed silent at first.
Video still 1994 - Pierre Grande Guerre
Due to a mechanical problem the machine gun turret refused to lift and turn around, so it could not fire.
The French succeeded to repair the turret not a second too late, and started firing at the Bavarian mass of troops still moving upwards the slope.
In the city of Verdun panic had broken out. Soon the auxiliaries, the 114e Battailon des Chasseurs Alpins and the 127e Régiment d’Infanterie arrived hastily (sometimes even by cab) from the town to drive away the Germans back to their original positions. Finally it has been a question of minutes or the Germans almost succeeded in taking the Ouvrage de Froideterre.
In 2005 I scouted the dark interior of the fortress, ...
... armed with a torch and of course my camera.
I wandered through some corridors, magasin rooms, ...
... and dormitory rooms with soldiers bunk beds.
With a last view of Ouvrage de Froideterre ...
.. we continue our route westward to ...
... to the artillery position and ammunition bunkercomplex MF 3.
During the war these artillery bunkers of the front sector "Meuse-Froideterre", MF 3,  ...
... were not of much use for the French.
The Germans located the positions of these guns quite early, ...
... and made it with artillery bombardments impossible for the French to make use of these guns properly.
So, these guns were already allocated to the Somme front, before the Battle of Verdun even started.
From the MF 3 artillery bunker complex we continue westward to two large infantry bunkers, MF 1 and MF 2.
From the parking and the picnic site we follow the path northward for some 100 m. to turn left at this sign.
Along the path on our way to the Abri de Combat MF 1 there are relics of communication trenches.
Some 50 m. south of the bunker is another trench running from east to west.
An exhausted "Poilu" - Abri de Combat MF1 - 1916
When I turn my back I can clearly see at the open spot the MF1 bunker.
This large bunker possesses three entrances.
We enter the third and most western entrance.
Our trench dog Bobby is so curious; he already entered the bunker before me.
There are three large halls in this bunker.
Notice the metal frames, which used to support wooden benches.
This is probably a part of a ventilation system.
All three halls are connected by two open doorways.
The centre hall.
The left or east hall with another relic of a ventilation system.
Bobby and I return outside.
As more often in French military constructions ...
... the latrines are outdoors.
We leave Abri de Combat MF 1 and we return via the same path as we came.
At the end of this path we walk left and northward to the shelter bunker, Abri de Combat MF 2
The bunker counts 5 entrances.
Abri Froideterre MF 2 - 1917 - Covered with sand bags
Outdoor latrines.
The 5 entrances are connected to a main corridor.
I entered this bunker, which seems to have been recently under restoration.
Two identical halls were giving shelter.
A last view at Abri MF 2.
by Pierre Grande Guerre 29 November 2019
by Pierre Grande Guerre 14 November 2019

Inleiding: Franz Von Papen & Werner Horn; schaker en pion

Onlangs stuitte ik in een oud boek (1) van 1919 op een opmerkelijk verhaal over een Duitse Luitenant, die in begin februari 1915 een half geslaagde bomaanslag pleegt op een spoorbrug over een grensrivier tussen de Verenigde Staten en Canada. Ook al staat de bekentenis van de dader, Werner Horn, deels in het boek te lezen, de naam van zijn opdrachtgever zal Horn blijven verzwijgen. Na wat verder zoeken vond ik ook de naam van Horn’s opdrachtgever, Franz von Papen, een van de aangeklaagden van het latere Neurenberg Proces in 1946.

In een Grote Oorlog als de Eerste Wereldoorlog  is Horn’s aanslag op de brug uiteraard slechts een bescheiden wapenfeit. Toch vermoed ik dat dit relatief onbekende verhaal, dat de geschiedenis is ingegaan als de “ Vanceboro International Bridge Bombing ”, nog interessante kanten kent. Het is onder andere een spionageverhaal over hoe in een groter plan een sluwe schaker zijn naïeve pion offert.  

Beknopte situatieschets Canada en de Verenigde Staten in 1915

by Pierre Grande Guerre 1 October 2019

This trip we start at the Léomont near Vitrimont and we will with some exceptions concentrate on the Battle of Lorraine of August-September 1914 in the area, called, the “Trouée de Charmes”, the Gap of Charmes.

After the Léomont battlefield we continue our explorations to Friscati hill and its Nécropole Nationale. Next we pay a visit to the battlefield of la Tombe to go on to the Château de Lunéville. There we cross the Vezouze to move on southward to the Bayon Nécropole Nationale. At Bayon we cross the Moselle to pass Charmes for the panorama over the battlefield from the Haut du Mont. North-west of Charmes we will visit the British Military Cemetery containing 1918 war victims. From Charmes we go northward to the battlefield of the First French Victory of the Great War, the Battle of Rozelieures of 25 August 1914. North of Rozelieures we will visit the village of Gerbéviller. From there we make a jump northward to visit the ruins of Fort de Manonviller to finish with an interesting French Dressing Station bunker, west of Domjevin.

by Pierre Grande Guerre 18 September 2019
Though we depart from Badonviller in the Northern Vosges , we make a jump northward to the east of Lunéville and Manonviller. We start at Avricourt on the border of Alsace and Lorraine. From the Avricourt Deutscher Soldatenfriedhof we explore the southern Lorraine battlefields ; the mine craters of Leintrey , the Franco- German war cemetery and Côte 303 at Reillon , and some German bunkers near Gondrexon , Montreux , and Parux.
by Pierre Grande Guerre 13 September 2019
We depart from Raon-l’Etape to drive northward via Badonviller to Montreux to visit the  "Circuit du Front Allemand 14-18", the  Montreux German Front Walk 14-18,  with its trenches , breastworks , and at least twenty bunkers.
by Pierre Grande Guerre 8 September 2019
North-east of Nancy, east of Pont-à-Mousson, and south-east of Metz we visit the battlefields of the Battle of Morhange of 14 until 20 August 1914. We follow mainly topographically the route of the French advance eastward over the Franco-German border of 1871-1918.
During this visit, we try to focus on the day that the momentum of the battle switched from the French side to the advantage of the Bavarian side: the day of 20 August 1914, when the Bavarians rapidly re-conquered the territory around Morhange , being also the day of the start of their rather successful “Schlacht in Lothringen”.
We will visit beautiful landscapes of the "Parc Naturel Régional de Lorraine", memorials, ossuaries, and cemeteries. Sometimes we will divert to other periods of the Great War, honouring Russian and Romanian soldiers, who died in this sector. We start our route at the border village of Manhoué, and via Frémery, Oron, Chicourt, Morhange, Riche, Conthil, Lidrezing, Dieuze, Vergaville, Bidestroff, Cutting, Bisping we will finish in Nomeny and Mailly-sur-Seille, where the Germans halted their advance on 20 August 1914, and where they constructed from 1915 some interesting bunkers.
by Pierre Grande Guerre 5 September 2019
South of Manhoué we start this trip at Lanfroicourt along the French side of the Franco-German 1871-1918 border, marked by the meandering Seille river. We visit some French bunkers  in Lanfroicourt, near Array-et-Han and in Moivrons. From there we go northward to the outskirts of Nomeny and the hamlet of Brionne to visit the ( second ) memorial, commemorating the events in Nomeny of 20 August 1914. We continue westward to finish at the Monument du Grand Couronné at the Côte de Géneviève, a former French artillery base, which offers several panoramic views over the battlefield.
by Pierre Grande Guerre 28 August 2019
North of Pont-à-Mousson and south of Metz, we explore the relics of German bunkers and fortifications along the Franco-German 1871-1918 border. We start at Bouxières-sous-Froidmont to visit the nearby height of the Froidmont on the front line. This time we will show only a part of the Froidmont, focusing on its military significance.  From the Froidmont we continue via Longeville-lès-Cheminot and Sillegny to the “Forêt Domaniale de Sillegny” to explore some artillery ammunition bunkers. Next we continue to Marieulles for its three interesting bunkers and to Vezon for its line of ammunition depot bunkers. From Vezon we continue to the “Deutscher Kriegsgräberstätte Fey – Buch”. From Fey we go eastward, passing 6 bunkers near Coin-lès-Cuvry to finish our trip at the top construction of the “Feste Wagner” or “Fort Verny”, north of Verny.
by Pierre Grande Guerre 25 August 2019

From Badonviller or the Col du Donon we continue north-eastward for a visit to an extraordinarily well restored sample of German fortifications:  the Feste Kaiser Wilhelm II, or Fort de Mutzig,  lying on a height, some 8 km. away from the 1871-1918 Franco-German Border.

by Pierre Grande Guerre 23 August 2019
We concentrate on the German side of the front around "Markirch", Sainte Marie-aux-Mines, the so-called "Leber" front sector . We first pay a visit to the Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines Deutscher Soldatenfriedhof, and next to the southern side of the Col de Ste. Marie for the many interesting bunkers of the German positions at the Bernhardstein, at the north-eastern slopes of the Tête du Violu. On the next photo page about the Haut de Faîte we will continue with a visit to the northern side of the pass and the "Leber" sector.
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