ARGONNE - Mort Homme - Côte 304

  • by Pierre Grande Guerre
  • 16 May, 2019

Year of visit: 2005

Argonne, northeast of Verdun,  along the D 38, we visit two hills close to each other: the Mort Homme and the Côte 304. Together these hills on the west bank of the river Meuse formed from 6 March 1916 the centre point of the 1916 Battle of Verdun on the west bank.

Sites we will visit in this and the next Argonne photo impressions
From Sivry-sur Meuse, on the east bank of the Meuse, and south of Samogneux;a view westward over the Meuse valley to the Mort Homme (286m.). 
The Mort Homme seen from Montfaucon d' Argonne, a view southward.
We start at the top of the Mort Homme, where we find two monuments. The memorial for the fallen soldiers of the French 40e Division d' Infanterie, or 40th Infantry Division.
"TO THE DEAD OF THE 40th I.D."
The 1916 Battles for the Mort Homme and the Côte 304
A German cinema impression of the attack.

As part of the “Operation Maiköpfchen”, the Germans attacked on  6 March 1916 two hills on the left bank of the Meuse River, northwest of Verdun; the Mort Homme, or the Dead Man, and Hill 304, baptised after its altimeters. A complete battle for these hills is created within the Battle of Verdun, which initially lasts until 15 March, but which flares up again in early April.

With great difficulty, the French managed to drive the Germans back to the northwestern slope of the Mort Homme in early April. It is on this occasion that on 10 April General Pétain encourages his troops in a handwritten order with the words: “Courage. On les aura!" Or "Keep courage! We will get them!”

Handwritten order by the Commander-in-Chief, Général Pétain

By the end of April the French repossessed the summit of Mort Homme.During the month of April, the number of French troops grew from originally 150,000 men in February to 520,000 men at the end of April. Despite the advantage of the Noria the defending troops have great difficulty maintaining their positions against the numerous German attacks along the entire front of Verdun.   

French trench on the Mort Homme

But the Germans started digging three long and wide tunnels in April for the supply of soldiers, who help them take the hills again at the end of May. In the north the Ortlieb tunnel, in the middle the Kaiser tunnel and in the south, the closest to the front line, the Verbindungs or Bataillon tunnel. O.a. via the three tunnels, the Germans attacked again on 22 May the Morthomme and Hill 304. On May 30 1916 they captured the hills.

French trench map showing the German progress on the west bank of the Meuse during 22-30 May 1916. - (The Dutch comments are mine)
The Mort Homme after the battle.
Let us have a better look at the second memorial on the Mort Homme; the monument dedicated to the French 69th Division. 
"THEY HAVE NOT PASSED - TO THE DEAD OF THE 69th DIVISION"

From the Mort Homme we continue via the D 38 westward to the Côte 304, Hill 304. 

A view from a western slope of the Mort Homme to Hill 304.
The May Battle for Côte 304

On the third of May German artillery guns launched a bombardment for 36 hours on Côte 304. On 6 May the German infantry went “over the top”. It took the Germans still 3 days to capture the summit of Côte 304.They did not manage to occupy  the very summit until 29 June 1917. On 24 August the French retook the hill. 

We visit the Côte 304 Memorial dedicated to the 10,000 French soldiers fallen on this hill.
"MAY THEY REST IN PEACE"
"TO THE DEFENDERS OF HILL 304 - TO THE 10,000 HEROIC DEAD WHOSE BLOOD IMPREGNATED THIS LAND"
Around the memorial: traces of shell impacts, creating a surface with a "golfball pattern".

Some rusted objects of the period.

We find a private memorial for a fallen Zouave-officer, Second Lieutenant George Fabre of the 3rd Mixed Regiment of Zouaves Riflemen, awarded with the Légion of Honour and the Croix de Guerre, fallen near this spot on 18 May 1916.

Continue to the next Argonne photo impression: "Montfaucon - Romagne-sous-Montfaucon"
by Pierre Grande Guerre 29 Nov, 2019
by Pierre Grande Guerre 14 Nov, 2019

Inleiding: Franz Von Papen & Werner Horn; schaker en pion

Onlangs stuitte ik in een oud boek (1) van 1919 op een opmerkelijk verhaal over een Duitse Luitenant, die in begin februari 1915 een half geslaagde bomaanslag pleegt op een spoorbrug over een grensrivier tussen de Verenigde Staten en Canada. Ook al staat de bekentenis van de dader, Werner Horn, deels in het boek te lezen, de naam van zijn opdrachtgever zal Horn blijven verzwijgen. Na wat verder zoeken vond ik ook de naam van Horn’s opdrachtgever, Franz von Papen, een van de aangeklaagden van het latere Neurenberg Proces in 1946.

In een Grote Oorlog als de Eerste Wereldoorlog  is Horn’s aanslag op de brug uiteraard slechts een bescheiden wapenfeit. Toch vermoed ik dat dit relatief onbekende verhaal, dat de geschiedenis is ingegaan als de “ Vanceboro International Bridge Bombing ”, nog interessante kanten kent. Het is onder andere een spionageverhaal over hoe in een groter plan een sluwe schaker zijn naïeve pion offert.  

Beknopte situatieschets Canada en de Verenigde Staten in 1915

by Pierre Grande Guerre 01 Oct, 2019

This trip we start at the Léomont near Vitrimont and we will with some exceptions concentrate on the Battle of Lorraine of August-September 1914 in the area, called, the “Trouée de Charmes”, the Gap of Charmes.

After the Léomont battlefield we continue our explorations to Friscati hill and its Nécropole Nationale. Next we pay a visit to the battlefield of la Tombe to go on to the Château de Lunéville. There we cross the Vezouze to move on southward to the Bayon Nécropole Nationale. At Bayon we cross the Moselle to pass Charmes for the panorama over the battlefield from the Haut du Mont. North-west of Charmes we will visit the British Military Cemetery containing 1918 war victims. From Charmes we go northward to the battlefield of the First French Victory of the Great War, the Battle of Rozelieures of 25 August 1914. North of Rozelieures we will visit the village of Gerbéviller. From there we make a jump northward to visit the ruins of Fort de Manonviller to finish with an interesting French Dressing Station bunker, west of Domjevin.

by Pierre Grande Guerre 18 Sept, 2019
Though we depart from Badonviller in the Northern Vosges , we make a jump northward to the east of Lunéville and Manonviller. We start at Avricourt on the border of Alsace and Lorraine. From the Avricourt Deutscher Soldatenfriedhof we explore the southern Lorraine battlefields ; the mine craters of Leintrey , the Franco- German war cemetery and Côte 303 at Reillon , and some German bunkers near Gondrexon , Montreux , and Parux.
by Pierre Grande Guerre 13 Sept, 2019
We depart from Raon-l’Etape to drive northward via Badonviller to Montreux to visit the  "Circuit du Front Allemand 14-18", the  Montreux German Front Walk 14-18,  with its trenches , breastworks , and at least twenty bunkers.
by Pierre Grande Guerre 08 Sept, 2019
North-east of Nancy, east of Pont-à-Mousson, and south-east of Metz we visit the battlefields of the Battle of Morhange of 14 until 20 August 1914. We follow mainly topographically the route of the French advance eastward over the Franco-German border of 1871-1918.
During this visit, we try to focus on the day that the momentum of the battle switched from the French side to the advantage of the Bavarian side: the day of 20 August 1914, when the Bavarians rapidly re-conquered the territory around Morhange , being also the day of the start of their rather successful “Schlacht in Lothringen”.
We will visit beautiful landscapes of the "Parc Naturel Régional de Lorraine", memorials, ossuaries, and cemeteries. Sometimes we will divert to other periods of the Great War, honouring Russian and Romanian soldiers, who died in this sector. We start our route at the border village of Manhoué, and via Frémery, Oron, Chicourt, Morhange, Riche, Conthil, Lidrezing, Dieuze, Vergaville, Bidestroff, Cutting, Bisping we will finish in Nomeny and Mailly-sur-Seille, where the Germans halted their advance on 20 August 1914, and where they constructed from 1915 some interesting bunkers.
by Pierre Grande Guerre 05 Sept, 2019
South of Manhoué we start this trip at Lanfroicourt along the French side of the Franco-German 1871-1918 border, marked by the meandering Seille river. We visit some French bunkers  in Lanfroicourt, near Array-et-Han and in Moivrons. From there we go northward to the outskirts of Nomeny and the hamlet of Brionne to visit the ( second ) memorial, commemorating the events in Nomeny of 20 August 1914. We continue westward to finish at the Monument du Grand Couronné at the Côte de Géneviève, a former French artillery base, which offers several panoramic views over the battlefield.
by Pierre Grande Guerre 28 Aug, 2019
North of Pont-à-Mousson and south of Metz, we explore the relics of German bunkers and fortifications along the Franco-German 1871-1918 border. We start at Bouxières-sous-Froidmont to visit the nearby height of the Froidmont on the front line. This time we will show only a part of the Froidmont, focusing on its military significance.  From the Froidmont we continue via Longeville-lès-Cheminot and Sillegny to the “Forêt Domaniale de Sillegny” to explore some artillery ammunition bunkers. Next we continue to Marieulles for its three interesting bunkers and to Vezon for its line of ammunition depot bunkers. From Vezon we continue to the “Deutscher Kriegsgräberstätte Fey – Buch”. From Fey we go eastward, passing 6 bunkers near Coin-lès-Cuvry to finish our trip at the top construction of the “Feste Wagner” or “Fort Verny”, north of Verny.
by Pierre Grande Guerre 25 Aug, 2019

From Badonviller or the Col du Donon we continue north-eastward for a visit to an extraordinarily well restored sample of German fortifications:  the Feste Kaiser Wilhelm II, or Fort de Mutzig,  lying on a height, some 8 km. away from the 1871-1918 Franco-German Border.

by Pierre Grande Guerre 23 Aug, 2019
We concentrate on the German side of the front around "Markirch", Sainte Marie-aux-Mines, the so-called "Leber" front sector . We first pay a visit to the Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines Deutscher Soldatenfriedhof, and next to the southern side of the Col de Ste. Marie for the many interesting bunkers of the German positions at the Bernhardstein, at the north-eastern slopes of the Tête du Violu. On the next photo page about the Haut de Faîte we will continue with a visit to the northern side of the pass and the "Leber" sector.
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