SOMME 1918 - Australian Corps - Villers-Bretonneux - 1st Tank vs. Tank Battle - Australian Memorial - Le Hamel
- by Pierre Grande Guerre
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- 12 Apr, 2019
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SPECIAL Photo Impression - Year of visit: 2007
First a short visit to the spot of the 1st Tank vs. Tank Battle, to follow next the traces of the Australian Corps from 4 July 1918, from Villers-Bretonneux, via le Hamel, Proyart, to the Mont St. Quentin near Péronne.
Before we follow the traces of the Australian soldiers, we start at the location of the 1st Tank to Tank Battle ever in history, along the D 168 south-west of Villers-Bretonneux, and north of Cachy.
On 24 April 1918 one German A7V-tank, out of a group of 4 tanks, approached from a slope, just outside the village of Villers Bretonneux, to the British lines and the position of 3 British Mark IV-Tanks; 2 " Females", and 1 "Male".
The "Male" tank fired once, and one of the " Female" Mark IV tanks fired once at the A7V. The A7V replied and made 2 succesful hits at the 2 "Females". Then, for still unclear reasons, the A7V retreated uphill again. The " Male" Mark IV followed the A7V for about 1500 yards, fired some shots, and knew to destroy it.
Panorama of the slope, from which the German A7V-Tank approached the British tanks.
On 21 March 1918 The Germans launched a series of offensives, known as "The Kaiserschlacht". During the German Operation Michael General Von Der Marwitz' 2nd Army reconquered the former Somme battlefield on General Gough's 5th Army. The 5th Army was forced to withdraw at Amiens. The "new" front line was only some kilometres east of Villers Bretonneux.
Mainly a bad economical situation at home, long supply lines, bad quality supplies, and a low moral with the German lower rank soldier caused the Germans to stop fighting and to start looting the rich supplies, the British left behind during their hasty retreat. The momentum of the at first succesful German offensive was killed. The battle in the Somme area petered out around the end of April .
The last operation, "Marneschutz", of the Kaiser's Battle petered out at Chalons sur Marne on 15 July 1918.
Awaiting the soon arrival of the American Troops, the British and French resupplied and reorganised their Armies under the highest secrecy. On 18 July Foch' 6th Army launched the 2nd Battle of the Marne with good results.
On 8 August, at 4.20 AM, the Allied forces, the French 1st Army , the British III Corps of the 4th Army with the Australian Corps, Canadian Corps , and the Cavalry Corps, launched the Battle of Amiens. The troops were fortified with 2000 artillery guns, 534 tanks, and 800 aircrafts.
This was the first of a series of succesful offensives, also later reinforced with the mass of American Divisions.
The Battle of Amiens
Before 8 August, on 4 July 1918, under the command of Lieutenant General Monash, the Australian 2nd Division, with the addition of machine gun battalions of the 2nd, 3rd, and 5th Divisions, and the American 33rd Division, prepared an opening action for the later attacks in the Somme area. On 4 July, they wiped out the German 1st line Salient near le Hamel, northeast of Villers Bretonneux.
Later, on 8 August, during the launch of the Battle of Amiens, the British III Corps attacked in the Somme area on the northern bank, in the zone around Albert. On the banks of the river and south of the Somme the Australian Corps attacked from the lines at le Hamel. The Canadian Corps attacked the area south of the straight Roman Road, the nowadays D1029 or N29. By 31 July 1918 the Australians would continue from the banks of the Somme to reach the Mont St. Quentin and Péronne. The French 1st Army , under British command, attacked at the right flank of the Canadian Corps.
North of the town of Villers Bretonneux, along the D 23, we visited the Australian National Memorial and Military Cemetery of Villers Bretonneux.
There are now more than 2,100 Commonwealth servicemen of the First World War buried or commemorated in this cemetery. 608 of the burials are unidentified but there are special memorials to five casualties known or believed to be buried among them, and to 15 buried in other cemeteries whose graves could not be found on concentration. The cemetery also contains the graves of two New Zealand airmen of the Second World War.
SOURCE: Commonwealth War Graves Commission
The Cemetery in front of the Memorial contains the graves of 1.085 UK , 770 Australian, 263 Canadian, 4 South African, and 2 New Zealand officers, NCO's, and soldiers.
Australian National Memorial
SOURCE: Commonwealth War Graves Commission
With some effort we climbed the 100 feet high Memorial tower for some views over the landscape.
View eastward over the Cemetery. On a clear day one can see Amiens left at the horizon.
We cross the Somme at Corbie to the northern bank. We pass along the D1 the Crash Site of the German flying Ace, the Red Baron, Manfred Von Richthofen.
(Somewhere else on this site there is more to read about this event and this site; click HERE).
After some 2500 meter, still before the junction to le Sec Sailly and Méricourt, we discovered on the left side of the road this obelisque, the Memorial to commemorate the 3rd Australian Division, but also the other Australian Divisions, the 2nd, 4th, and 5th, who advanced past this location, along the banks and south of the Somme.
We cross the meandering Somme again to the southern bank, to continue to the former trenches near le Hamel.
Nowadays on top of the former German trenches stands the le Hamel Australian National Memorial, which was that day alas covered with a net for maintenance.
Southeast of the village of le Hamel, the 1st German line passed a hill, which the Germans called the Wolfsberg. Around the Wolfsberg the Germans formed a small salient. The Germans fortified the hill with an observation post, overseeiing the valleys around, and an artillery base.
Besides the Australian 2nd Division also other auxiliary troops attacked; machine gun battalions of the 2nd, 3rd, and 5th Australian Divisions, 60 Mark V tanks, 600 artillery guns, and a great number of aircraft. Though after much discussion with the American Commander in Chief, General Pershing, the General consented on the last moment in the deployment of 1000 men of the American 33rd Division during the attack at le Hamel. It would be also one of the first times (besides battles around Château Thierry on 1 June), that American troops were fighting along the Western Front.
The attack started at 3.10
AM. Although the attack and the conquest of the hill was over after
only 93 minutes, the Australians still had a fierce fight. The
Australians won that day 2 Victoria Crosses; Private Thomas Exford and
Private Henry Dalziel. |
Around the Wolfsberg were 3 lines of defensive trenches, with machine gun posts and trench mortars.
Through the rather odd reconstructed trenches, we arrive at the location of the Observation Post. A view southeastward, which gives an impression of the powerful overview the Germans had.
The first line of this sytem, the "Pear Trench", as the Australians called it, lied in the valley. A view southward from the tip of the O.P. in the direction of the Pear Trench, and the slopes of the parachute ammunition droppings.
After the capture of the hill the Australians installed themselves in the trenches and in the Observation Post.
An inscription on the wall of the Memorial quotes Generalquartiermeister Ludendorff about the events of 8 August 1918:
Nowadays, there is no trace of the Australians to be found in the village of Proyart. But we had to visit 2 locations, on the northern side of the village. We detected this beautiful modest "Arc de Triomphe", and it's statue of a Poilu.
Just outside the village lies the "Deutscher Soldatenfriedhof Proyart".
The majority of the soldiers buried here were killed during the period of March-September 1918.
On 31 August 600 men of the Australian 2nd Division reached the hill of Mont. St. Quentin, overlooking the Somme. The Germans had fortified the Mont with a network of trenches and machine gun posts.
It took the Australians 8 hours to capture the hill,and 2 days to definitely gain control over the area around it on 2 September 1918.
Along the D 1017, north of Péronne, stands on the summit of the Mont St. Quentin the Memorial for the 2nd Australian Division.
Inleiding: Franz Von Papen & Werner Horn; schaker en pion
Onlangs stuitte ik in een oud boek (1) van 1919 op een opmerkelijk verhaal over een Duitse Luitenant, die in begin februari 1915 een half geslaagde bomaanslag pleegt op een spoorbrug over een grensrivier tussen de Verenigde Staten en Canada. Ook al staat de bekentenis van de dader, Werner Horn, deels in het boek te lezen, de naam van zijn opdrachtgever zal Horn blijven verzwijgen. Na wat verder zoeken vond ik ook de naam van Horn’s opdrachtgever, Franz von Papen, een van de aangeklaagden van het latere Neurenberg Proces in 1946.
In een Grote Oorlog als de Eerste Wereldoorlog is Horn’s aanslag op de brug uiteraard slechts een bescheiden wapenfeit. Toch vermoed ik dat dit relatief onbekende verhaal, dat de geschiedenis is ingegaan als de “ Vanceboro International Bridge Bombing ”, nog interessante kanten kent. Het is onder andere een spionageverhaal over hoe in een groter plan een sluwe schaker zijn naïeve pion offert.
Beknopte situatieschets Canada en de Verenigde Staten in 1915
This trip we start at the Léomont near Vitrimont and we will with some exceptions concentrate on the Battle of Lorraine of August-September 1914 in the area, called, the “Trouée de Charmes”, the Gap of Charmes.
After the Léomont battlefield we continue our explorations to Friscati hill and its Nécropole Nationale. Next we pay a visit to the battlefield of la Tombe to go on to the Château de Lunéville. There we cross the Vezouze to move on southward to the Bayon Nécropole Nationale. At Bayon we cross the Moselle to pass Charmes for the panorama over the battlefield from the Haut du Mont. North-west of Charmes we will visit the British Military Cemetery containing 1918 war victims. From Charmes we go northward to the battlefield of the First French Victory of the Great War, the Battle of Rozelieures of 25 August 1914. North of Rozelieures we will visit the village of Gerbéviller. From there we make a jump northward to visit the ruins of Fort de Manonviller to finish with an interesting French Dressing Station bunker, west of Domjevin.
During this visit, we try to focus on the day that the momentum of the battle switched from the French side to the advantage of the Bavarian side: the day of 20 August 1914, when the Bavarians rapidly re-conquered the territory around Morhange , being also the day of the start of their rather successful “Schlacht in Lothringen”.
We will visit beautiful landscapes of the "Parc Naturel Régional de Lorraine", memorials, ossuaries, and cemeteries. Sometimes we will divert to other periods of the Great War, honouring Russian and Romanian soldiers, who died in this sector. We start our route at the border village of Manhoué, and via Frémery, Oron, Chicourt, Morhange, Riche, Conthil, Lidrezing, Dieuze, Vergaville, Bidestroff, Cutting, Bisping we will finish in Nomeny and Mailly-sur-Seille, where the Germans halted their advance on 20 August 1914, and where they constructed from 1915 some interesting bunkers.
